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Paul Kennedy, in Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, gives a table of something called "war-fighting potential", which takes economics and population into account. It is about as good an estimate as we have of the economic disparity of the powers. This is his estimate of the potential (as a percent of the total world potential), which I have rounded to about one significant digit.
United States 40% Germany 15% Soviet Union 15% Britain 10% France 4% Japan 3.5% Italy 2.5% Other powers 10% (does not add to 100% due to rounding)
The Axis major powers had 22% of the potential as opposed to the Allied 69%. Not all of this 69% was available at once, but after the attack on the Soviet Union the Axis was never at economic parity.
All contents of these pages Copyright 1997 by David H. Thornley.