Waxing Instructions
    · Basics of Waxing 
    · Getting Started 
    · Waxing Instructions 
    General Wax Application 
    Step-by-Step Waxing Instructions 
    · Wax Selection 
    · Waxing and Temperature 
    Beginner Waxing Table 
    Intermediate Waxing Table 
    Flite # 11 Waxing Instructions
    · Waxing Tips 
    New Skis
    Man Made Snow
    Structure 
    Miscellaneous 
    · Summary
    · Questions or Comments?

    Basics of Waxing 

    As the race season approaches, we receive more and more questions about how to set up new skis and what is the proper waxing technique. Various wax manufacturers have different approaches to the process. The big question is WHICH PROCESS IS BEST FOR YOU?. In reality, most processes can work well as long as the approach is consistent.  

    Remember that waxing skis can be as much science as art, therefore, the process is as important as the wax. Just as one wax is not optimum for all conditions, neither is one ski flex or base structure. Waxing is a learned process. Every time you wax and test your skis, the greater your reference base for prepping your skis the next time out. Therefore, every time you wax and test your skis, the faster your skis should become. Not only are you attempting to optimize the waxing process, but you're also optimizing the base structure and ski flex for the various ski conditions.  

    So never miss an opportunity to improve. Take a minute to glide test your skis. If yours are consistently the fastest in the crowd, congratulations! However, if your skis are slow, maybe you could use some help.  


    Getting Started 

    To get started, a few things are important  
     

    • A waxing station is helpful. A permanent area for ski preparation and waxing helps control the mess, and most important, provides you convenience. A tray around the wax bench and a shop-vac are also helpful in controlling the wax shavings. There are a variety of adjustable waxing benches on the market, any will do nicely, or you can build one yourself. It also helps if you can mount the waxing bench to a solid stand for ease of scraping. 
    • A good waxing iron is important. Although they may seem expensive, an iron developed for waxing skis is a good idea. To use a cheep iron and burn a $300.00 pair of skis is a sad day. Today, ski waxing irons have enhanced temperature control and can improve the flow of the wax onto the ski. Always turn the iron on at least 15-30 minutes before waxing. This will allow the iron temperature to stabilize and ensure even wax penetration. 
    • Vent the waxing station. A home made fume hood over the bench with a heavy duty kitchen exhaust fan clears the air and prevents fumes from entering the household living quarters. I cannot over emphasize the importance of making the waxing station convenient and safe. 
    • The next items are much less expensive; a metal and plastic scraper, ski brushes (fiber and brass), and a selection of waxes for various ski and snow conditions.  

    •  

      To start with, choose three basic waxes; a cold wax 10 F and colder, an intermediate wax 15 to 25 F and a warm wax for 25-35 F. Learn the temperature ranges and conditions these waxes work in first. The wax arsenal can be expanded as experience is gained. The main thing to learn is why skis are fast, so the process is repeatable. These waxes are available in the Waxing Kits 

      A large inventory of wax to start with will only confuse the process and results. At least in the beginning, use the "KISS" method - keep it simple stupid. Too many waxes early in the learning process is almost guaranteed to complicate your life and provide less than consistent results.  
       


    Waxing Instructions 

    When waxing skis, always work the ski from tip to tail (scrape, brush and iron), never in the reverse direction. As skis are made fast by layers and layers of wax, never use wax remover to clean the glide zone of a ski, unless extreme conditions prevail; skied through oil, cow pies or something equally nasty. Instead, clean the ski by melting and ironing in a soft layer of wax on the base, then scrape it off immediately with a plastic scraper. Repeat the process if necessary.  

    If the base is damaged, now is the time to make any repairs. Remove gouges with a metal scraper, remember to scrape in long sweeping motions with even pressure from tip to tail. Then you'll need to remove any ski base fibers with an abrasive pad. In the event of major damage, take to your skis to a local ski shop for an assessment. A more aggressive metal scraping may be required or possibly stone grinding.  

    Set the ski base structure for the ski conditions. (Structure is the height and number of hills and valleys within the ski base). New skis generally come with a medium structure and works well under a wide variety of ski conditions. The exceptions being extremely cold, dry snow or warm, wet snow conditions. Softer waxes generally require more structure and hard waxes less structure.  


    General Wax Application 

      First, select the appropriate wax and skis for the desired conditions. After melting wax onto the ski base (take waxing iron and hold it perpendicular to the ski dripping wax onto the ski base, making sure enough wax is available to cover the total ski base from tip to tail), iron the wax into the base using light pressure, moving the iron from tip to tail in a continuous motion. If you have adequate wax on the ski and the waxing iron is at the correct temperature, you'll pull a molten bead of wax about 1/2 - 2 inches behind the iron. The speed of the iron should be slow, but steady. If the wax starts smoking or if it's necessary to move fast to keep the bead short , the iron is probably too hot.  

      Wax coverage should cover the total width of the ski base.If the ski is gapped on one side or the other, this is an indication the base may not be flat or you may need to drip more wax on the ski. If the ski has wax gaps, additional metal scraping may help or stone grinding will be necessary to flatten the ski base. Sanding may also flatten the base, however, sanding a ski base is somewhat a lost art since the development of stone grinding. I would not recommend sanding a ski without getting some experienced help.  

      Allow the ski to cool completely before scraping the ski with the plastic scraper (never use a steel scraper here). Ideally, the ski should be allowed to cool in a warm environment (it may be OK for you to go from the sauna to the snow but is not advised for your freshly waxed skis). This is especially true with soft waxes, as they crystallize slower and take more time to set up. If you're applying more than one coat of wax, scrape the ski between each waxing. The scraping process opens up the micro-structure of the ski base and the ski will be able to absorb more wax. For racing skis, give the ski a minimum of two coats of wax.  

      After scraping, brush the ski to clean the base structure using a coarse brush first, followed by a fine brush and then polish with a cloth. The new roto brushes work well for polishing skis, however they take some experience to learn. If you're just starting to learn how to wax, hand polish the ski. Plus by hand polishing, you'll develop a positive Karma with your skis - just kidding. Do not use an abrasive pad to polish the ski base after waxing. This just removes the wax as if skiing 50 K on abrasive snow.  
       


    Step-by-Step Waxing Instructions 

    1.  Always work the ski from the tip to the tail. (never in reverse direction). 

    2.  Clean the ski. 

    • Melt wax onto the ski base and iron in from tip to tail
    • Scrape warm with a plastic scraper
    • Repeat the process if necessary
    3.  Base Preparation. 
    • If the ski base is damaged remove the gouges with a metal scraper or stone grind
    • Remove the fibrils with a Scotchbrite pad
    • Structure the ski base for current conditions (see section on Tips) 
    4.  Wax for current conditions and allow ski to cool prior to scraping with plastic scraper. 

    Repeat step 4 at least once 

    5.  Brush the ski with a fiber brush to clean the structure and polish with fiber cloth.

     

     Flite # 11 Application Instructions 
    Iron Instructions 
    1.  Follow the Fast Wax instructions for preparing and waxing the ski base. 
    2.  Apply Flite powder to the ski base and distribute evenly. 
    3.  Iron in from tip to tail, even pressure and steady slow speed with the iron (low heat). 
    4.  Cork the ski from tip to tail, use high pressure rapid speed to make powder blend into the ski base. 
    5.  Let the ski cool slowly. 
    6.  Brush with coarse then fine brush always working the ski from tip to tail. 
    7.  Polish ski base. 

    Corking Instructions 
    1.  Follow the Fast Wax instructions for preparing and waxing ski base. 
    2.  Apply Flite powder to the ski base and distribute evenly. 
    3.  Cork the Flite powder working the ski from tip to tail, use high pressure and rapid speed to generate enough heat to make powder blend into the ski base. 
    4.  Brush with coarse then fine brush always working the ski from tip to tail. 
    5.  Polish ski base. 
     
     



     

    Wax Selection 

    When selecting a wax, sometimes we have to trust the weather report. However, even with our super weather forecasting models, occasionally an unexpected front comes through in the middle of the night changing conditions. If the skis must be waxed the day before a race and conditions are uncertain, try to select a wax slightly colder than the expected conditions and apply a lighter structure than required. This way, if the temperature change is warmer than expected, structure can be added at the race site with one of the new, easy to use rolling rilling tools on the market and your skis will be OK.  

    The best bet is to have a back up pair of skis waxed for alternate conditions. Try not to error on the side of waxing too warm. Going from a warm wax and large structure to a cold wax and polished skis is difficult to accomplish at the race site.  


    Waxing and Temperature 

    Select waxes by snow temperature. Many times with large air temperature swings, the snow will remain constant or lag significantly behind the air temperature, especially in wooded areas.  


    Sport Waxing 
    Wax Temperature Application Tips
    HS-30 Red 25 to 35 F Below Freezing Light Structure  
    Above Freezing Rill
    HS-20 Blue 15 to 25 F Low humidity light brass brushing  
    High humidity increase structure
    HS-10 Teal 15 F colder Polish ski base  
    Little structure as possible


    Intermediate Waxing 
    Wax Temperature Application Tips
    HS-0 White 5 F colder Cold, wind blown or powdery snow  
    Polish ski or fine cold stone grind
    HS-10 Teal 5 to 15 F Cold hard packed trail, old snow  
    Polish ski or fine cold stone grind
    HSF-10 Green 5 to 15 F Cold Humid conditions  
    Fine structure light brushing or fine stone grind.
    HS-20 Blue 15 to 25 F Dry snow, old snow, hard pack  
    Medium brushing
    HSF-20 Tan 15 to 25 F Wide range of conditions and temperatures  
    Performs well from 10 to 30 F.  
    Especially good in high humidity.
    HS-30 Red 25 to 35 F Old snow  
    Brass brushing below freezing, above freezing rill, start with small rills and increase size as temperature and moisture increase.
    HSF-30 Salmon 25 to 35 F New moist snow, high humidity.  
    Brass brushing below freezing, above freezing rill, start with small rills and increase size as temperature and moisture increase.
     
     

    Waxing Tips 

    Everyone will have a few extra twists they think improve their skis, here are a few of mine.  


    New Skis 
    Today, the bases on new skis are generally excellent and require little or no additional work. Before using, start with a soft base prep wax and apply several coats of wax, plastic scraping between coats. A light metal scraping to remove hairs from the base may also help before you apply the initial wax. After 5 to 6 coats of base prep wax, switch to an intermediate wax (10-15 F) and increase the wax hardness until the skis are set up for the desired conditions. I will wax the skis in the evening and wait till morning to scrape, apply a new coat and repeat the step in the evening. A Base Prep Kit contains all the wax needed for new or stone ground skis  




    Artificial or man-made snow - referred to from here on as SNIRT, 
    a combination of snow and dirt 
    Keep in mind as we make recommendations for SNIRT the 80 – 20 rule applies: the general rule is good 80% of the time. 
    Remember SNIRT is a hard particle of ice, not a hollow flake of snow and  does not soften or melt as easy as snow. For this reason wax recommendations will change slightly from those for natural snow. 
    In temperatures below freezing, wax a little harder than normal with more structure and a stiffer ski. In temperatures above freezing, wax cooler with a larger structure. SNIRT holds more moisture in cooler temperatures, however, SNIRT does not mush out as easily in warm temperatures and the base under the SNIRT is generally ICE. 

    General recommendations: cold dry wind from the north 

    • Temperature in the single digits, HS-0 White – Universal grind, stiff ski.
    • Temperature in the teens to low 20’s, HSF-10 Green or HS-10 Teal – Universal grind, stiff to medium flexed ski.
    • Temperature in the upper 20’s, HSF-20 Tan or HS-20 Blue niversal structure, stiff to medium flex skis.
    • Temperature in the upper 20’s, HSF-30 Salmon – Universal structure with a light rill, still to medium flex ski. 
    General recommendations: wind from the south, warm and humid 
    • Temperature in the upper teens-low 20’s, HSF-20 Tan – Universal grind, stiff to medium flexed ski
    • Temperature in the upper 20’s to low 30’s, HSF 30 Salmon – Universal structure with a rill, still to medium flex ski
    • Temperature at or above freezing, HSF-30 Salmon – Rill or wet grind, stiff ski 
    Ski Maintenance: WAX more often. SNIRT is abrasive and will wear wax faster than snow. If  you do not wax your skis SNIRT will eat up your bases. 


    Structure 
    If you have one pair of skis, changing the base structure will be a regular occurrence as snow type, temperature and conditions change. Metal scrape and polish the base for cold conditions and be sure to keep the ski surface very smooth. For intermediate conditions, 15 to 25 F, brush the base with a fine brass brush. For conditions just below freezing use a medium brass brush. Above 35 F, begin with a fine rill and increase the size of the rill as the temperature increases. Apply structure in a discontinuous pattern.  

    If several pairs of skis are available, try to set a pair of skis up for each condition. Here stone grinding will help. Use a fine grind for cold and increase the size of the grind as the temperature warms. The ski technician should be able to maximize your skis performance by matching the proper stone grind, with the ski flex, with the snow conditions.  

    If you plan on having your skis stone ground, be sure seek out a shop that specializes in Nordic skiing, not downhill skiing.  


    Miscellaneous 
    Keep both the metal and plastic scrapers sharp. Use a diamond stone on the metal scraper. Hold the scraper at a 90 degree angle and rotate in a figure eight pattern. Sharpen the plastic scraper by running the metal scraper down the edge of the plastic scraper.  

    Select waxes by snow temperature. Many times with large air temperature swings, the snow will remain constant or lag significantly behind the air temperature, especially in wooded areas. If possible, always test your skis on the trail not in the stadium.  

    Cold, clear or windy conditions or cold new snow; anticipate abrasive snow and wax for colder than expected temperatures.  

    Low areas, woods, generally shaded areas; wax for colder than expected temperatures.  

    Warm nights, new snow; expect moist snow and use structure and fluorinated waxes. In addition, overcast conditions are generally humid, and fluorinated waxes typically work best.  


    Summary 

    The main thing to remember, be consistent with waxing. Use the same process each time and develop a waxing log the same as a training log, noting structure, temperature, snow conditions and performance.  

    Wax your skis often, the more skis are waxed, the faster the skis become and the better you become at waxing.  

    Test glide skis often. Use a steep down hill for high speed evaluation, low angle hills for slow speed and up-hill for performance. Many times top racers choose a race ski by the way it climbs.  

    Most of all, have fun and ski often. 


    Questions or Comments? 

    Please contact Dan Meyer at fastwax@visi.com with any technical questions or comments on the Fast Wax website.